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Fundraising from your friends and family
This is often the first idea when you are looking for financing: to appeal to your relatives. These funds collected from family members, friends, and other relations are called "love money".) They allow you to benefit from tax exemptions or reductions.
Within the family, the beneficiary of a gift can receive up to €31,865 without having to pay tax. Provided that:
The donor is less than 80 years old
the beneficiary is the donor's child, grandchild or great-grandchild (or
nephew or niece if the donor has no descendants)
whether the beneficiary is of age or emancipated.
This donation must be the subject of a notarial deed, a private deed or a declaration of donation. The beneficiary must notify his or her public finance centre within one month.
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Honorary loans
If your search for financing concerns the creation or takeover of a
business, or if you are a young manager, you can turn to an honorary loan.
This is a loan without guarantee or personal surety, generally at zero
interest, and is registered as equity capital. The amount can reach 90 000
€ for innovative projects.
Microcredit
Designed specifically for people who have difficulty accessing bank financing, microcredit is aimed at creating, taking over or consolidating a business. The aim is to enable project holders to create or sustain their own jobs. In addition to the loan, this system is accompanied by a follow-up of the beneficiaries: assistance in the administrative procedures, help in the control of the costs, commercial development etc.
Micro credits are generally offered by associations. For example, Adie offers a financing plan of up to €20,000 through microcredit (up to €10,000), supplemented by an honorary loan or public aid for example. The granting of a microcredit is based on several criteria:
the project leader: motivation, experience, skills, etc.
the project: location, potential, projected turnover, etc.
the ability to repay.
Participatory financing
Participatory financing or crowdfunding is a financing mechanism that makes it possible to collect funds from a large public in order to finance a creative or entrepreneurial project, which most often operates via the Internet. This financing can take 3 forms:
a loan
subscription to equity or debt securities issued by the supported
company
a donation or contribution that may be matched.
If you turn to a crowdfunding platform by loan (with or without interest) or by subscription of financial securities, it must have a regulated status:
participatory investment advisor (CIP) or investment services provider
(ISP) approved by the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution
(ACPR) for the subscription of securities
intermediary in participatory finance (IFP) for loans.
You can identify sites with these statuses thanks to the label
"Participatory financing platform regulated by the French
authorities".
Incubators
Incubators are support structures for business creation. By approaching an incubator, you can be accompanied in the realization of your entrepreneurial project for a period of 1 to 3 years. If incubators are known for their missions of assistance and advice to entrepreneurs, they can also put you in touch with investors wishing to participate in the capital of your company.
The nature of incubators is diverse. They can be public or private structures, attached to major schools or local authorities, as well as to large companies.
On the internet, it is possible to find free sites that propose
directories of incubators, to which you could apply in order to have your
project supported.
Business angels
If your company has strong growth potential, it may interest business angels. Behind this term are individuals, often former executives or entrepreneurs themselves, who wish to invest part of their financial assets in innovative companies. Thanks to their experience, business angels also provide advice and an address book.
"Business angels, alone or in groups, are likely to finance investments from €50 to €700,000," explains the national federation France Angels. "In general, they remain a minority shareholder in the company's capital (less than 20%) but actively participate in the life of the company and in decision-making," explains Bpifrance. "They all have the same objective: to generate substantial capital gains from their investments. They can also benefit from tax reductions, like any individual who invests directly in a company.
Business angels select their projects carefully, focusing on the
potential success of the project. The fundraising can therefore be spread
out over a year. "Ideally, and if the conditions are met, the business
angel sells its stake within 3 to 5 years," says Bpifrance.
Investment funds
Nearly 300 investment funds are grouped together in France within the
Association des investisseurs pour la croissance. These are professional
shareholders who take majority or minority equity stakes in companies that
are generally not listed on the stock exchange. "They] participate in the
definition of a clear, long-term strategy for the company, enabling it to
create value for its customers, shareholders and employees," the
association stresses.
This private equity activity can take place in five areas:
business creation and financing of new technologies (innovation
capital)
growing companies with strong development potential (development
capital)
the acquisition, transmission or sale of companies
(capital-transmission)
the purchase of companies in difficulty (turnaround capital)
the financing of infrastructure, such as telecommunications or public
road facilities (infrastructure fund).
Private equity players inject an average of €5 million per company, and
rarely less than €250,000, over the course of a partnership that generally
lasts from 3 to 7 years. In 2018, they thus invested nearly €15 billion to
finance more companies, 75% of which were SMEs, according to Afic
figures.
Intercompany loans
Who better than another company to understand your cash flow needs? Since the law for growth, activity, and equal economic opportunities, companies have been able to be creditors or debtors to each other. Limited liability companies (SARLs) and joint-stock companies can now lend funds to microenterprises, SMEs, or intermediate-sized companies (ETIs). There are a few conditions:
the lending companies must carry out this loan only as an accessory to
their main activity
loans must not exceed 2 years in duration
the loans granted must take the form of a loan contract
companies must be able to prove an economic link (direct or indirect subcontractor, same economic interest grouping, same grouping awarded a public contract, etc.) justifying the credit.
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